有机肥对陇东黄土旱塬冬小麦产量和土壤养分的调控效应

Winter Wheat Yield and Soil Nutriments Affected by Organic Fertilizer in Loess Plateau East of Gansu

以冬小麦‘陇鉴301’为材料，在大田条件下于2005～2008年在甘肃陇东旱塬研究了不同有机肥料对旱塬冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明：不同化肥有机肥料配施处理对旱塬冬小麦产量、水分利用效率和土壤养分含量有明显的调控效应，并以氮磷化肥与生物有机肥配施处理表现最佳，其籽粒产量、水分利用效率和土壤养分含量最高。与单施化肥对照相比，氮磷化肥配施生物有机肥处理3年平均籽粒产量和水分利用效率分别显著增加17．53％和16．42％，3年平均土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷含量分别提高11．4％、8．9％、0．2％、19．7％。因此，氮磷化肥与生物有机肥配施可以有效改善陇东黄土旱塬区农田土壤肥力，提高冬小麦水分利用效率，显著增加冬小麦产量，可能是该区农田目前最佳的施肥方式。

The effect of the different organic （WUE） and soil fertility were investigated fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat, water use efficiency with ＂Longjian 301＂ as material from 2005 to 2008 in Loess Plateau East of Gansu. The results showed that different fertilizer treatments evidently influenced the yield of winter wheat,WUE and soil nutrients. For all organic fertilizers, yield of winter wheat, water use efficiency and soil fertility of NP chemical fertilizer combined with Bio-mixed organic fertilizer （T1） were the highest,and the soil water content of 0- 60 cm at harvesting stage was the lowest. For T1 treatment, the average yield and WUE increase evidently by 17.53% and 16.4%respectively. Compared to no fertilizer treatment,the organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus increased by 11.4% ,8.9% ,0.2% and 19.7% in the T1 treatment respectively. Therefore,the use of NP chemical fertilizer with Bio-mixed organic fertilizer was probably an optimum way to improve soil fertility, grain yield, and WUE in Loess Plateau dry land of Gansu.