20世纪30年代中国专门科学团体的崛起--以中国化学会为例

The Rise of Special Scientific Society in China in 1930s:A Case Study on Chinese Chemical Society

20世纪30年代,各学科专门人才一定程度的聚集、相对稳定的社会环境以及南京国民政府对科学事业的大力资助为专门科学团体的成立创造了适宜的条件。以1932年中国化学会的成立为发端,全国性的专门科学团体相继成立,从而开创了科学团体在中国发展的新时代。中国化学会在创建时期,设立并完善了各种领导机关,制订并修订了会章,在国内外设立了分会并大幅度扩充会员,创办了3种期刊并形成了年会制度,从而凝聚了中国化学家群体,并使中国的化学研究开始得到国际化学共同体的认可。同时,会员齐心协力共度经费难关。专门科学团体在这一时期的发展对中国科学事业的发展有着深远的影响。

In 1930s, the mass of special scientific talents for each subject, relatively steady social environment and the energetic support to scientific undertakings by Nanjing Nationalist Government provided fitting conditions for the establishment of special scientific society. After the establishment of Chinese Chemical Society （ CCS）, other special scientific societies established in succession. Consequently, a new era of the development of scientific societies in China was ushered in. In operating its buisness, each society not only used foreign experience for reference and but also took domestic practicality into account. For example, during the period of establishment, the CCS founded all kinds of leading organizations, established and emended its constitution, set up branches at home and abroad and expanded its members rapidly, provided its members chances to communicate with each other by holding annual meeting and publishing periodicals, Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, Chemistry and The Chemical News Reagent, which gathered and fostered the Chinese chemist group and through which the world chemical communication recognized Chinese chemical researches. Meanwhile, members made concerted effort to pull together and overcome economic difficulties. In one word, the development of special scientific society in this period has a far-reaching influence on Chinese scientific undertakings.