钢铁企业职业伤害危险因素研究

Study on the risk factors of occupational hazards in steel enterprise

目的研究钢铁企业职工职业伤害的危险因素。方法采用1∶1病例对照研究方法,选取某钢铁企业内发生过非致死性职业伤害的男性工人作为病例,在同一企业从未发生过职业伤害的工人中随机抽取与病例同工种、同性别、年龄相差3岁以内的职工作对照,共171对。采用条件Logistic回归对文化程度、饮酒、吸烟、睡眠、工作压力、精神状况、健康状况、轮班方式、高温、噪音、经济收入等危险因素及安全意识的获取途径进行分析。结果文化程度低、饮酒、睡眠差、健康状况和精神状况不良均可使职业伤害发生的危险性增加;通过上岗前教育获得安全生产意识的职工发生伤害的概率较对照组低。结论钢铁企业发生职业伤害与工人较低的文化程度、饮酒、不良的健康状况等因素有关,应加强对职工的上岗前安全教育。

Objective To explore the risk factor of occupational injuries in a steel enterprise. Methods Case-control study was used in this study. 171 pairs of matched workers in the same steel factory were selected and analyzed. Male workers with nonfatal occupational injuries were selected as the observation case, and the male workers with similar work, age but without any occupational in- jury were selected as the controls. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of education, drinking, smoking, sleep, work pressure, mental status, health status, shift mode, high temperature, noise, and economic income on safety consciusness. Results The low educational degree, drinking, poor sleep, health and mental status could increase the risk of occupational injury ; the education on safety before working could reduce the probability of occupational injury. Conclusion The results showed that it is necessary to improve the health and mental status of workers and strengthen the education on safety.