植物水分利用效率研究方法综述

Summary on Research Methods of Water Use Efficiency in Plant

就植物水分利用效率(WUE)的不同研究方法的原理,优缺点和适用范围进行了总结和概括。认为稳定碳同位素法简化了WUE的测定过程并使其结果更为准确,克服了其他方法难以同时测定不同地域的植物种群间生理活动变化所带来的困难,应用前景广泛,但测定费用较高。替代指标法花费小,测定容易,需求Δ的替代指标将继续是方法研究中的一个方向,前景乐观。总体来看,国内对作物WUE的研究较多地使用传统的直接测定和气体交换相结合的方法,对树木WUE研究都是通过测定树木叶片气体交换效率来推算树木的WUE,方法较为单一,今后的研究必须结合多种测定方法进行多时空尺度,不同水平WUE的测定;对极端干旱区荒漠河岸林树木的δ13C和WUE的季节变化和它们对环境因素变化的响应需要进行深入的调查研究。

In the paper, the authors summarized the principles, merits and demerits, applicable ranges of different methods studying plant water use efficiency （WUE）. The results indicated that the stable carbon method will be used on a wide range because it can simplify the measuring process, make the data more accurate and can also overcome the difficulty that other methods can not measure plant population in different areas at the same time. However, the measurement cost of the stable carbon method is higher. The substituting index method will continue to be a main direction of studying plant water use efficiency due to its small cost and easy measurement, thus this method has optimistic prospect. In general, the method combing the conventional direct measurement with gas exchange method is the most applied in China nowadays, and they all calculate the WUE through measuring the leaf gas exchange. So, the research in the future must focus on the investigation into the seasonal change of δ^13C and WUE of riparian forest in extreme arid areas and their despondence to the change of environmental factors by multi-methods at multi-space-time levels.