植物修复技术在土壤重金属污染中应用的研究进展

Advances in Application of Phytoremediation Technique on Heavy Metal Contamination in Soils

当前,土壤受重金属污染状况在国内外都很严重,受到了越来越多的关注。植物修复技术是新近发展起来的一项用于处理土壤重金属污染的生态技术,其机理主要是通过某些植物对重金属元素的吸收、积累和转化,达到减轻重金属污染土壤的目的。与传统的处理土壤污染方法相比,植物修复技术具有经济、简单和高效等优点。简要介绍了植物修复的几种类型,论述了当前国内外植物修复技术的研究进展。重点涉及了其中的植物提取和植物稳定两种修复类型,当它们与其他诸如稳定同位素标记技术、基因工程技术等相结合时,可以提高植物的修复效果。而超积累植物由于其独有的生理特性非常适用于大规模应用。最后探讨了植物修复技术在土壤污染治理中的一些不足、发展趋势和研究重点。

The situation of soils contamination by heavy metals is very severe all over the world, which has been currently paid more and more attention by the governments and researchers. Phytoremediation is widely viewed as an ecological technique used to deal with heavy metals from the polluted soils since early 1990s, and the mechanism of phytoremediation is to use plants to absorb, accumulate and translate heavy metals from the polluted soils, achieving the purpose of alleviating the pollution of heavy metals. The phytoremediation technique has some advantages in comparison with the traditional remediation technologies, such as economical, non-pollution and high efficiency. The authors briefly introduced the types of phytore- mediation, summarized current domestic and oversea status of research in phytoremediation. Two techniques-Phytostabilization and phytoextration, are especially emphasized in the study. These two techniques can achieve better remediation effect when applied in combination with other technologies, such as stable i-sotope labeling technology, gene engineering technology. Hyperaccumulators are suitable for large-scale application due to its particular physiological traits in extracting the heavy metals from the soils. Finally, some disadvantages of phytoremediation in soil pollution treatment are presented in the study and the future of this research field is looked into.