早孕妇女血铅水平测查及健康教育干预效果分析

Detection of Blood Lead Levels of Pregnant Women in First Trimester and Effect of Health Education Intervention on Them

为了解深圳地区早孕妇女铅暴露水平及个体健康教育干预的效果,用原子吸收光谱法测定了1 213例早孕妇女静脉血铅水平(BLL);将BLL≥50μg/L的160例孕妇随机分为两组:A组进行一对一的健康教育干预,包括居住环境、卫生习惯、饮食习惯等;B组不进行干预,于3个月后同样方法复查BLL。结果表明,平均BLL为47μg/L。BLL≥100μg/L者59例(4.9%),≥50μg/L者184例(15.2%);复查BLL下降至50μg/L以下,A组有66例(67.3%),而B组仅有7例(11.3%),A组干预后BLL下降的幅度和下降的例数均显著大于B组,具有统计学意义。提示早孕妇女血铅水平部分偏高,及时进行针对性的健康教育干预是必要的和有效的。

To explore the levels of lead exposure of pregnant women in first trimester and to study the effect of health education intervention on them, blood lead levels （BLL） of 1 213 pregnant women in first trimester were detected by atomic absorption spectrosmetry. The 160 pregnant women who had BLL≥50μg/L were randomly divided into two groups A and B according to receiving heatth education intervention or not. Group A received the health education interventions including environment improvement, hands cleaning, nutrition advice and informed adverse effects of lead on pregnancy and fetus. Group B did not receive the intervention. After three months we re - examined their BLLs. The results showed that the median of BLLs of all the pregnant women was 47 μg/L, 59（4.9% ） of them had BLL≥ 100 μg/L, 184 （ 15.2% ） had BLL≥50 μg/L. The results of re - examination after 3 months intervention indicated that BLLs of 66 cases （67.3%） dropped to 〈50 μg/L in group A, while 7 cases （11.3%） in group B. After intervention, the range and numbers of dropping in BLLs of group A were much more significantly than those of group B （P 〈 0.01 ）. It concludes some of the pregnant women in first trimester in the district have higher BLL than 50 μg/L, aggressive intervention of health education on them is necessary and effective.