澳洲坚果杂交授粉技术

Cross pollination techniques for macadamia nut (Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell.)

2007～2009年在广西亚热带作物研究所进行澳洲坚果人工杂交授粉试验,总结出澳洲坚果杂交授粉技术:选用当地推广良种作为亲本之一,与地理上相距较远或不同生态类型的亲本进行杂交,采用单交法进行;在已套袋的澳洲坚果小花萼片稍微裂开、花柱准备拱出、花药尚未开裂散出时去雄,去雄要干净彻底,防止产生伪杂种;去雄后第2d上午9:00～11:00柱头较湿润、粘性较大,对已去雄的小花进行人工授粉,授完粉后及时清洁用具,避免不同花粉相互串杂;谢花后20d左右,第一次生理落果前对杂交授粉的小花进行坐果率调查,并疏除靠近杂交果穗的幼果,以保证有充足的光照和养分供应。

The experiments on artificial cross pollination of macadamia nut were conducted in 2007-2009. Based on the results, we have concluded that local improved varieties should be used as one of the hybrid parents and crossed with geologically elistant parent or different ecological type through single cross. When the sepal of flower was slightly split up and the style began to show up and the anther still not released, the bagged macadamia nut should be emasculated thoroughly to prevent formation of false hybrid. At 9：00-11：00 am of the 2^nd day after emasculation, the style remains wet and had more viscosity, the emasculated flower should be crossed artificially and the tools should be sterilized for preventing pollen contamination. In about 20 days after flower withering, the fruit setting rate of pollinated flower should be investigated before the first physiological fruit dropping and the young fruit closing to the crossing ear should be thinned to ensure enough sunlight and nutrients.