用SSR标记研究谷子品种的遗传多样性

A Study on the Genetic Diversity of Foxtail Millet Cultivars by SSR Markers

用37对SSR标记对40个谷子品种（来自我国的37个谷子品种及从印度、俄罗斯引进的3个谷子品种）进行遗传多样性研究，37对引物共检测出228个等位变异，引物检测出的等位变异数在3—12之间，平均每个位点检测出的等位变异数为6．16，37个位点的平均多态信息量（PIC）为0．697。研究这37个SSR标记重复单元出现次数与多态信息量及等位变异数之间的相关性，发现多态信息量与等位变异数呈极显著相关，相关系数达到0．802（P〈0．01），而多态信息量与重复单元出现次数之间相关性也达到显著水平，相关系数达到0．429（P〈0．01）。对40个谷子品种进行聚类，在遗传相似系数为0．79时聚为5组，聚类结果表明除山西外几乎所有来自我国不同地区的谷子育成品种都被聚成1组，多数农家品种聚类群与生态类型存在一定的一致性。

Forty foxtail millet varieties （37 from China, 3 from India and Russia） were selected for genetic diversity study by 37 SSR markers. In all 228 alleles were detected for the 37 SSR markers, the allele numbers per locus ranged from 3 to 12,on average 6.16 alleles per locus. The average PIC value per locus was 0. 697. The correlation among PIC, allele numbers and numbers of repeat unit for the 37 SSR markers was analyzed by SAS （ version 8.0） software. The results showed that extremely signifieant correlation between PIC and allele numbers was existent,with the coefficient of correlation reaching 0. 802 （P 〈 0.01 ） , the correlation between PIC and numbers of repeat unit was also significant,with the coefficient of correlation reaching 0.429 （P 〈0.01）. Through clustering of the 40 foxtail millet cuhivars based on SSR markers, five groups were obtained at a genetic similar index of 0.79. Almost all the breeding varieties from different regions except Shanxi Province were grouped together. The clustering groups of most landrace varieties were consistent with ecotypes in some extent.