贸易自由化与收入分配——基于中国区域偏向型贸易政策视角

Trade Liberalization and Income Distribution: An View from Biased Regional Trade Policy in China

传统国际贸易理论认为贸易自由化会缩小发展中国家内部的收入差距,然而中国国内收入差距不断扩大却为此提供了相反的例证。本文基于H-O-S定理(1941)的标准分析范式,并借鉴克鲁格曼(1981)关于贸易自由化打破原有的空间聚集而改善收入分配不均的观点和Davis多域视角的分析思路,结合中国特有的逐步推进式开放进程,认为导致目前中国国内收入分配不均呈扩大趋势是中国特有的区域偏向型贸易自由化、城市化等分割政策共同作用的结果。随着上述导致内部市场扭曲政策的取消,经典HOS理论所认同的贸易自由化对发展中国家国内收入分配的积极作用会在中国逐渐显现。文中通过运用1981到2005年的中国数据对上述理论假设进行经验检验,得出了相同结论。

The traditional trade theories suggest that the within-country income distribution of the developing country could be better off after its trade liberalization, but China＇ s widening income gap during trade openness gives little support on this. This paper, from a view of China biased regional trade policy（BRTP）, explains the current paradox, in the context of spatial muhicone proposed by Davis and Krugman, as a combined result of BRTP and segment strategies such as urbanization. It concludes that, with those market-distorted policies eliminated or changed, the positive impact of trade liberalization on income distribution within counties, based on the framework of HOS model could turn out. In this paper, we also use data to evaluate such hypothesis and get the same conclusion.