豫西烟区土壤养分现状及其演变与烤烟施肥技术

Status and evolution of soil nutrients and fertilization recommendation for flue-cured tobacco growing area in west Henan

通过对豫西烟区土壤定点取样(507个)分析,研究了豫西及其主要植烟市洛阳、三门峡土壤养分现状与演变。结果表明,2007年豫西烟区土壤有机质和氮素含量较适宜优质烟生产;速效磷和速效钾含量处于中等偏高水平;水溶性氯平均含量低于30mg/kg;有效锌平均含量较高,但由于变异较大,缺锌的土壤约占60%;有效硼普遍缺乏。洛阳、三门峡两市相比,洛阳植烟土壤的养分总体略低于三门峡。2007年豫西烟区土壤养分与2001年相比,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效磷含量有所上升;速效钾含量基本保持在2001年的水平;水溶性氯含量有较大幅度的下降;有效锌平均含量有所增加,但有约一半的土壤仍然缺锌,有效硼则普遍降低而缺乏。根据豫西烟区土壤养分含量现状及其演变,提出了"稳氮、增磷、补钾,普施硼肥和缺锌补锌微肥"的烤烟施肥措施。

A total of 507 soil samples from tobacco growing area in Luoyang and Sanmenxia in west Henan province were analyzed to study the status and evolution of nutrients in soil. Results showed that in 2007 the content of soil organic matters and total nitrogen were suitable for high-quality flue-cured tobacco production. Both soil available phosphorus and potassium were at medium and high level, while the average content of water-soluble Cl was lower than 30 mg/kg, all of which are suitable for quality flue-cured tobacco leaf production. The average content of available Zn was with high variation and there were about 60 % of soils accounted for Zn deficiency; while content of soil available B was low and almost deficient in all areas. Generally speaking, soil nutrients status of Luoyang was lower than that of Sanmenxia Compared with 2001, in 2007 soil organic matters, alkai-hydrolyzable N and available P were slightly increased, while soil total N was slightly decreased, water-soluble Cl was significantly decreased, available Zn was increased a little, available B was commonly decreased, and available potassium was kept at the same level. Based on this survey, a recommendation for fertilization in this tobacco production area was put forward ： stabilize N rate, control P rate, increase K rate in general, and apply B commonly and supplement Zn for those deficient soils.