“救救孩子”还是“救救父亲”?——从鲁迅小说中“孩子”命运看其对启蒙和自我启蒙的思考

"Save the Children" or "Save the Fathers"——Lu Xun’s reflection upon the enlightenment and the self-enlightenment with the destiny of children in his novels

鲁迅是现代文学史上第一个"救救孩子"的呐喊者,他的小说,以令人震惊的笔触描写了孩子们的悲惨命运和精神病苦。鲁迅个人独特的生活体验,使他在思考"救救孩子"这一问题时,达到了常人难以企及的深刻和远见。他将造成这些病态孩子的历史和现实原因归结到旧的家庭关系和父子关系。他指出,要"救救孩子",使"人之子"立人,首先是父亲要成为"觉醒的人"和"人"之父。

Lu Xun was the first man who cried for “saving the children” in the history of modem Chinese literature. With the shocking brushwork, he described the miserable destiny and the spiritual pain of children in his novels. Due to the unique personal life experience, his reflection upon the problem of“saving the children” was of great profundity and insight far beyond the common people. He summarized the historical and realistic factors that contributed to the coming into being of these morbid children as the old family ties and the old father-and-son relationship. He pointed out that the prerequisites of “saving the children”, the children of the “man”, were that the fathers should be the “awakening man”, the fathers of the “man”.