江苏盐城滨海湿地景观格局时空动态研究

SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF COASTAL WETLAND LANDSCAPE PATTERNS IN YANCHENG,JIANGSU PROVINCE

利用遥感和地理信息技术，运用土地利用动态度模型、转移矩阵以及景观格局指数，对江苏盐城滨海湿地1992—2007年近15a间景观格局动态变化过程进行定量分析。结果表明：随着沿海经济发展和对土地需求的增加，江苏盐城滨海自然景观面积下降728．09km^2，人工景观面积增加735．18km^2；碱蓬滩、芦苇滩及草滩等自然湿地景观保留率偏低，向人工景观大面积转移，斑块数量下降，平均规模缩小，总周长减少，分维数降低，野生动物栖息地空间持续萎缩，破碎化程度增大；外来物种米草面积已达144．92km^2，占据射阳河至梁垛河之间大面积泥滩，对滨海湿地生态环境产生的影响不容忽视。优势转移类型贡献率显示，近年来人类对江苏盐城滨海湿地的开发不断加强，参与区域环境改造活动强度在逐步加大。

Using the land -use dynamic degree model, conversion matrix and landscape pattern indexes obtained by the RS and GIS, the authors quantitatively analyzed the dynamic process of the coastal wetland landscape pattern in Yancheng city during the past 15 years （from 1992 to 2007）. Some conclusions have been reached ： （ 1 ） Owing to the development of coastal economic and the increasing requirement for land resources, the area proportion of natural landscape in Yancheng coastal zone decreased by 12.63% , while the proportion of man - made landscape rose continuously. （2） The area of original natural landscape types was reduced by 763.62 km^2 totally, the number of patches decreased, the total edge shrank, the shape of the patches tended to become more irregular, the preservation ratio became lower, the massive original natural landscape types were converted to the artificial landscape types, and hence the wildlife＇ s habitat decreased badly. During the same period, the area of Spartina alterniflora was expanded, resulting from the initial introduction of 144.92 km^2 by 2007, which occupied a large area of tidal flats between the Sheyang river and the Liangduo river in Yancheng coastal zone. （3） The dominant conversion processes indicate that the human reclamation of coastal wetland was enhanced, and the effect of human activities on the change of local environment was also intensified gradually. The achievements in this study can provide scientific basis for the sustainable utilization of land resources and the protection of coastal wetland resources in Yancheng.