中国冰川地貌空间分布格局研究

Study of the Spatial Distribution Pattern of the Digital Glacial Geomorphology in China

在20世纪80年代编绘的15幅1∶100万地貌图的基础上,利用遥感影像、基础地理底图、地质图、老地貌图等多源数据支持下,解译和构建了中国数字地貌数据库,得出中国冰川地貌形态成因类型面积为54.659×104km2,形态结构类型18类(包括点类型、线类型、面类型).和现代冰川分布相一致,冰川地貌也基本分布于我国西部的新疆和青藏高原及其周边地区.研究首先从海拔、地势起伏、基本类型三个层次上分析了我国冰川地貌的总体特征,并以基本地貌类型为划分依据,从次级成因上分析了冰川地貌分布特征.最后,按照我国西部重要山脉的分布,对各山脉及地区冰川地貌类型的空间分布特征进行了分析.该研究对促进我国冰川地貌的研究具有一定意义.

Based on 15 sheets of geomorphologic maps of 1∶1 000 000 published at the 1980s,digital geomorphologic database of China was integrated and built,which was interpreted from remote sensing images,digital geographic maps,digital geology maps,published geomorphologic maps et al.The area of shape genesis types of digital glacial geomorphology of China is 54.659×104 km^2,and shape structure types includes point types（10 classes,2 726 entities,including glacial lake,cirque,lateral moraine bars,ancient glaciated through valley,ancient cirque firn basin,hanging valley and so on）,line types（6 classes,1656 entities,including modern snow line,glaciated through valley and so on） and polygon types（2 classes,49 046 entities,including modern glaciers and lateral moraine bars） and glacial geomorphology mainly distributes in Xinjiang and Tibetan Plateau of the west of China. Firstly,whole characteristics of glacial geomorphology were analyzed from altitude,terrain relief,and basic landform types： glacial geomorphology in China mainly distributes in the extremely high altitude regions with the area of 37.608×104 km^2;as to the relief amplitude,the area of large relief mountain is the maximum,which is 28.460×104 km^2;reference to the basic land types,the area of large relief extremely high altitude mountains is the maximum,which is 20.025×104 km^2. Secondly,based on the basic landform types,glacial geomorphology characteristics were discussed from sub-genesis according to the four large geomorphologic types,i.e.,plain,platform,hill and mountain. Thirdly,according to the distribution of major mountains in the west of China,glacial geomorphology types and distribution were presented;the area with glacial geomorphology in every mountains and plateaus is（ranking from large to small）： 105 348.349 km^2 in the Hengduan Mountains,95 622.042 km^2 in the Gangdisê Range,80 940.769 km^2 in the Kunlun Mountains,65 110.973 km^2 in the Himalayas,41 591.851 km^2 in the Tianshan Mountains,40 709.144 km^2 in the Nyainqêntanglha Range,24 239.634 km^2 in the Qilian Mountains,23 865.829 km^2 in the Qangtang Plateau,23 198.429 km^2 in the Karakorum Mountains,21 315.771 km^2 in the Tanggula Range,15 705.259 km^2 in the Gangri Garpo Range,7 571.939 km^2 in the Altay Mountains and 1 085.661 km^2 in the Altun Mountains.Comparing and analyzing the distribution and types of glacial geomorphology in these mountains and plateaus show that the most widely distributed types are large relief extremely high mountains and large relief high mountains,the least widely distributed are plain,platform and hill in the middle altitude. The research has important significance to glacial geomorphology research in China and contributes to the global climate change research.