试论《战国策》之性质

On the Quality of Strategies of Warring States

古今关于《战国策》性质的不同看法主要有四种,即史书说、子书说、介于经史之间说和短长资料汇编说。这几种说法各有偏颇。从刘向编定《战国策》的编纂旨趣、所记述历史的真实程度、编纂体例、有无国家大事的主线问题、文笔问题等诸多显性方面看,它显然是一部与《国语》同类的国别体史书;而从命名方式、所记的主要内容及所表现的主要思想倾向等方面看,它又隐含有子书纵横家的特点。因而,它实际上应该是一部亦史亦子,介于子史之间的书。

Strategies of Warring States has been classified as work of history record, Zi shu, work of thoughts from pre-Qin times to the early years of the Han Dynasty, work of a combination of history record and scriptures, or a mosaic compilation of long or short pieces of information. Judged from the writer＇s compiling intention, degree of truth, examples quoted in the work, and style, etc, Strategies of Warring States can be defined as a history record. Meanwhile, this work is characterized with the naming mode, content and thought of Zi shu. It can be concluded that Strategies of Warring States should be a combination of history record and Zishu.