清华简《乐诗》与“西伯戡黎”再探讨

The "Yue-shi" of Tsinghua bamboo slips and Further Discussion on "KAN LI"

清华简《乐诗》记载了周武王八年征伐耆(黎)国得胜后"饮至"典礼中武王和周公致毕公的两首乐诗。到底是文王还是武王戡黎,自宋代以来就一直争吵不断。按《竹书纪年》(今本)记载,"戡黎"实则发生过两次,一次在文王时期,一次在武王时期。上博简《容成氏》明确记载了文王伐耆(黎),而清华简《乐诗》明确记载了武王伐耆(黎),但通过研究可以看出,文王所伐之耆(黎)并非武王所伐之耆(黎)。武王所伐之耆(黎)属上党之地,即《尚书.西伯戡黎》中的黎国。从《乐诗》中可看出毕公是这次军事行动的领兵将领。通过《乐诗》与献簋铭文的对读,可以认定上党之耆(黎)确与毕公存在一定关系。

'Yue-shi' of Tsinghua bamboo slips published recently record two poems written by King Wu Wang and Lord Zhou to Lord Bi at the ceremony to celebrate the victory over State Li in the eight years that it was on the reign of Emperor Wuwang of the Zhou Dynasty.We can see from the poem Lord Bi was the generals of military operations.Through reading the inscriptions of Xian Gui,we can see that State Li was indeed had some relations with Lord Bi.Since the Song Dynasty people dispute who conquered State Li that it was by King Wen Wang or by King Wu Wang to the end.According to the record on the New Version Zhushu Jinian,in the history'xi bo kan li'really have occurred two times,once occurred in the time that it was on the reign of Emperor Wenwang of the Zhou Dynasty,another occurred in the time that it was on the reign of Emperor Wuwang of the Zhou Dynasty.' Rong Cheng Shi' Bamboo Slips in Shanghai Museum clear record 'WenWang KAN LI',and that 'Yue-shi' of Tsinghua bamboo slips clear record 'WuWang KAN LI' in the eight years that it was on the reign of King Wuwang of the Zhou Dynasty.'The New Version Zhushu Jinian'as people studied are not pseudo graph.Well,according to these three documents together,'Zhushu Jinian'、' Rong Cheng Shi' and 'Yue-shi' of Tsinghua bamboo slips,it should be able to explain that'xi bo kan li' really happened twice in the history.