罐车制动时液体晃动的仿真分析

Simulation of liquid slosh in braking process of tank truck

采用Volume of Fluid(VOF)模型对罐车制动时液体的晃动进行了数值模拟,对单室受力、受力位置及整车轴荷分配进行了计算,并通过与实验结果的对比验证了计算方法的可靠性.计算结果表明,无防波板时,随减速度增加,单室x,y方向受力峰值增大,整车轴荷比增大;随充液比增加,单室x方向受力峰值先增大后减小,y方向受力峰值增大,制动初始与结束时充液比越大轴荷比越大,1 s左右充液比越大轴荷比越小;单室带防波板时,随防波板面积增加,x,y方向受力峰值减小,当防波板面积大于横截面的40%时,增加防波板面积能显著改善罐体受力,且防波板面积越大轴荷比峰值越小.

The liquid sloshing in braking process of tank truck was simulated by volume of fluid （VOF） model. The forces and their locations of a single room and weight distribution of a truck were calculated. The reliability of the calculation method was validated by comparing with experimental results. The results show that the maximum of F （force in direction x）, Fy（force in direction y） and C （The ratio of weight acting on the front axle and rear axle） increase as the deceleration increases without a baffle. When the liquid filling ratio increases, the maximum of F, increases firstly and decreases afterwards, the maximum of Fy increase, and C increases in the starting and ending period of braking process and decreases during the period around 1 s. When there is a baffle, as the area of the baffle becomes bigger, the maximum of F, Fy and C decreases.