何如璋与早期中日琉球交涉

He Ruzhang and Early Negotiations with Japan on Liuqiu(Ryukyu)

光绪元年(1875)日本挑起阻贡事件后,清政府的对琉政策由被动而主动,一个重大的促动力是首任驻日公使何如璋的积极建议。本文深入考察了何如璋的琉球建议,及其促使清政府对琉政策发生转变的前因后果。进而深入考查了何如璋在东京与日本政府的具体交涉,认为所谓的"暴言事件"(即照会事件)的出台,与寺岛宗则、森有礼为代表的日本方面的操作有一定的关系。户玑回国后,何如璋对琉球问题的关注并未就此打住,而是继续为重议球案作了不少努力。本文对现存何如璋琉球论著的写作时间,也作了相应的考证。

In 1875, after Japan provoked an interruption in tribute, the policy of the Qing government toward Liuqiu （Ryukyu） changed from passive to active. This paper investigates He Ruzhang＇s advice on the Liuqiu （Ryukyu） Islands and the context of the shifting policy which He Ruzhang urged the Qing to adopt. This paper also explores He＇s negotiation with Japan in Tokyo and suggests that the so-called Memoranda Incident had some relationship with Terashima Munenori and Moil Arinori＇s manipulation. After Shishido Tamaki＇s return to Japan, He Ruzhang did not stop focusing on Liuqiu （Ryukyu） and continued to struggle to reopen discussions of the Liuqiu （Ryukyu） issue. This paper also verifies the dates of the extant works by He Ruzhang on Liuqin （Ryukyu）.