山女鳟和虹鳟的杂交子代与其亲本后代早期生产性能的比较

The production performance comparison of inter-specific hybridization between Oncorhynchus masou masou and Oncorhynnchus mykiss and their hybrids

用虹鳟Oncorhynehus mykiss和山女鳟Oncorhynchus masou masou两种冷水性鱼类进行杂交试验，成功地获得杂交种。其中，杂交组虹鳟（♀）×山女鳟（♂）的受精率、发眼率和孵化率与山女鳟、虹鳟对照组相比没有明显差异（P〉0．05），但其卵黄囊吸收较差，上浮率较低，平均成活率为30．68％，明显低于山女鳟、虹鳟（P〈0．01）；杂交组山女鳟（♀）×虹鳟（♂）在胚胎发育后期，眼点形成之前发育受阻，其发眼率仅为0．54％，明显低于山女鳟、虹鳟（P〈0．01），最终成活率仅为0．44％。对杂交子代和亲本后代进行了80d的室内生长对比试验，结果表明：杂交鳟在不同的发育阶段表现出一定程度的杂种优势，体重的杂种优势率为2．22％-18．16％，又长的杂种优势率为1．27％～8．98％；杂交鳟在日增长量上与山女鳟比较接近，略高于虹鳟。

Inter- specific hybiridization between Oncorhyrtchus masou masou and. mykiss was carried out and the hybrids from O. masou masou ♂×O. mykiss ♀ or O. masou masou ♀ × O. mykiss ♂ were obtained successfully. For the O. masou masou ♂ × O. mykiss 2 group, there was no significant difference in fertilization rate, eyed - egg rate and hatching rate （P 〉 0.05） between the hybrids and the controls, but yolk sac was poorly absorbed and the survival rate was 30. 68% , which was significantly lower than the controls （P 〈0.01 ）. For the O. masou masou ♀ × O. mykiss ♂ group, some of the embryos failed to develop to the eyed - eggs, with the eyed - egg rate of only 0.54% which was significantly lower than the controls （P 〈 0. 01 ） and the final survival rate was 0.44%. A 80 - day growth experiment between the hybrids of O. masou masou ♂ × O. mykiss ♀ and normal progeny was also performed. The results showed that the hybrids appeared some growth heterosis with the body weight from 2.22% to 18.16% and the fork length from 1.27% to 8.98% at different growing stages. The hybrids gained in daily body weight as much as O. masou masou, but larger than O. mykiss. The results will be useful for the utilization of positive heterosis on the hybridization in O. masou masou and O. mykiss.