隐喻义的字面化:典型环境中焦点的凸显——论“败绩”词汇化的历史文化氛围

Literalization of the Metaphorical Meaning:Focus in Typical Environment——In Terms of the Historical and Cultural Development about the Lexicalization of "Baiji"(败绩)

"败绩"本义为"毁坏绩麻",后产生隐喻义"毁坏功绩""事情的毁坏、失利"和"战争的失败"义;随着当时社会对战争环境与战争结果的普遍关注,"败绩"其中之一的隐喻义"战争的失败"上升为字面义,而在同时,"败绩"也固化为一个词。从"败绩"的词汇化历程看,隐喻义向字面义转化的关键是人们对自己所处的典型环境中图形的一种张显和普遍认可,是人们适应其特定时代或特定需求的一种主动选择。隐喻义的字面化是词汇化的一个条件。

The word ＂baiji＂ （败绩） means originally ＂destroyed hemp＂, and then its metaphorical meanings ＂destroyed achievement＂ ;＂lose of thing＂ ;＂ defeat of war＂ develop . With the universal attention to the environment and result of war rising, the conlent ＂defeat of war＂ went up to be its literal meaniy, moreover,＂ baiji＂ （败绩） has developed into a settled ekplession. According to the lexicalization of baiji（败绩）, the key change of literalization of ＂baiji＂ metaphorical meaning is not only recognition of people for the figure in typical environment, but also their active choile to adapt to the special epoch. So as to the metaphorical meaning , its literalization is one factor of lexicalization.