山区苹果节水灌溉试验研究

Experimental Study on Water-Saving Irrigation in Mountainous Apple Orchard

通过3年田间试验,采用灌关键水、控制土壤水分下限和果树栽培管理相结合的管理模式,探索出苹果生长期的需水规律及节水灌溉模式,即管道输水加按棵施灌的灌水方法。以田间试验为主,通过4个小区不同灌溉制度与群众习惯灌溉的对比试验,按照水量平衡原理,确定了盛果期苹果园生长期的需水量及需水规律;根据各小区果树连续3年的需水量、果树产量和产值,确定苹果树的水分生产率和水分生产效益,求得灌溉效益最大的那组试验数据。由此制定出苹果非充分灌溉节水灌溉制度:苹果在管灌方式下,灌溉4次为宜,最佳灌水期为萌芽前、新梢生长和幼果膨大期、果实迅速膨大期和落叶期。灌溉定额为1050 m3/hm2。

The water requirement of apple tree in its growth season as well as the water-saving irrigation method （i. e. the combination of pipe water conveyance and irrigation upon the individual plant） were explored by studying on the key water-supply, lower limit controlling for soil water and cultivation based on the field experiments of three years. The water requirement and its regularity in the fruiting stage was determined by comparing four different irrigation programs with the conventional irrigation program; the highest irrigation efficiency was derived from the water productivity and water use efficiency calculated from the three continuous years ob served data of water requirement, apple yield and production values. The insufficient water-saving irrigation program was then decided. Four times is best for the pipe irrigation, which is in the pre-sprout stage, shooting stage, growing stage of young fruit, rapid growing stage of young fruit and leaf senescence stage. The irrigation quota is 1 050 m^3/hm^2.