从商人到企业:商人制度变革的依据与取向

From Merchant to Enterprises:the Basis and Evolution of the Merchant System

因商人制度存在严重缺陷,传统商法体系也相应地存在严重缺陷。这就需要对商人制度及商法体系进行改造。为此,就必须通过对商人制度变革历史轨迹的考察,揭示商人制度变革的内在依据,探求其变革取向,并为我国形式商法关于商主体制度的立法选择提供理论基础。总的来说,商人制度是沿着以自然人为中心的商人向以企业为中心的商人发展的。在此过程中,商人的性质与结构都发生了实质性变化。基于公司商人化、企业人格化以及商人企业化这一历史变迁线索的探索,应将现代商法中的商主体直接定位于企业,并将企业本身界定为商主体。就我国形式商法而言,则应直接以企业作为商主体的替代性概念,并基于企业的特性构建商法的特殊规制模式。

There is serious deficiencies in the present merchant system, so there is correspondingly serious deficiencies in the traditional system of commercial law, as a result of which the reform of the merchant system and the system of commercial law is required. In order to reveal the inherent basis and explore the orientation of the transformation of the merchant system, it is necessary to search the historical clues of the merchant system, which can also provide the theoretical basis to the legislative option of the merchant system of commercial law in China. In general, the enterprise - focused merchant is developed from the natural person - based merchant. In the process, both the nature and the structure of the merchant have changed. We should define enterprises as the subject in the modem commercial law based on the exploring on the historical clues of the merchant system. We should directly define enterprises as the subject and make it as an alternative concept in China.