可伸缩式汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置的试验与仿真研究

Computational Simulation and Test Study of an Extendable and Retractable Automobile Crash Energy Absorbing Device

介绍了可伸缩式汽车碰撞缓冲吸能装置的工作原理。针对某量产车型的前部结构设计制造了该碰撞缓冲吸能装置的样件,完成了样车的结构和控制系统的改装。建立了吸能装置的有限元模型,研究了其在正面碰撞时的响应特性。同时,采用台车碰撞试验的方法,研究了该装置在伸出及缩回状态下的高低速碰撞性能。仿真和试验研究结果表明,该碰撞缓冲吸能装置在伸出状态下能有效增加车辆的碰撞缓冲吸能空间,从而改善碰撞吸能过程,更好地保护车内乘员。在缩回状态下,该装置不会对原车型造成不利影响。

The operation principle of an extendable and retractable crash energy absorbing device was introduced. A sample of the device was designed and manufactured according to a production SUV＇s frontal structure. It had been installed in the SUV, and its control system had also been developed. Finite element model was developed to study the frontal impact performance of the device. Meanwhile, low and high velocity sled impact tests were used to study the device＇s performance in its extended status and retracted status respectively. The simulation and test results show that the device can effectively increase the SUV＇s crush space and improve the energy--absorption performance during the impact when the device is extended, and better protection effect can be achieved for the occupant. When the device is retracted, no bad influence will bring to the SUV.