青海东部地区春油菜“3414”肥效试验研究

Study on Fertilizer Effect of "3414" Experimentation for Spring Oilseed Rape in Eastern Qinghai Province

[目的]确定青海省东部农业区春油菜的最佳氮、磷、钾施肥配比,为春油菜的配方施肥提供科学依据。[方法]以青杂2号为春油菜供试品种,施肥采用农业部推荐的"3414"最优回归设计,共设3个因素4个水平14个配方处理进行春油菜的氮、磷、钾施肥配比试验。[结果]各施肥处理中,N2P3K2(N 101.25 kg/hm2、P2O5112.80 kg/hm2、K2O 45.00 kg/hm2)的产量最高,为3 802.5 kg/hm2;其次是N2P2K0(N 101.25 kg/hm2、P2O575.15 kg/hm2、K2O 0 kg/hm2),产量为3 735.0 kg/hm2。通过"3414"肥料效应试验,获得青海东部地区春油菜肥料效应函数方程,由此数学模型得出理论上的氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量为:N 128.60 kg/hm2,P2O590.60 kg/hm2,K2O 55.10 kg/hm2,最佳产量可达3 471.5 kg/hm2。[结论]综合分析不同施肥方法的推荐施肥量,并结合青海东部农业生产实际,建议氮、磷、钾的施肥量分别为N 120.00 kg/hm2、P2O590.00 kg/hm2、K2O 50.00 kg/hm2。

[ Objective ] The study aimed to confirm the optimum ratio of N, P and K for spring oilseed rape in agricultural area in eastern Qinghai Province and provide the scientific basis for formula fertilization of spring oilseed rape. [ Method] With Qingza 2 as the test variety of spring oilseed rape, 14 treatments of formula fertilization with 3 factors and 4 levels were set up by using the optimum ＂3414＂ regress design recommend by Agricultural Ministry to conduct the experiment of the ratio of N, P and K for spring oilseed rape. [ Result] Among 14 treat- ments of formula fertilization, N2 P3 K2 （ N 101.25 kg/hm2, P2 O5 112.80 kg/hm2, K20 45.00 kg/hm2 ） got highest yield of 3 802.50 kg/hm2, the next was N2 P2 K0 （N 101.25 kg/hm2, P2 O5 75.15 kg/hm2, K20 0 kg/hm2） with yield of 3 735. O0 kg/hm2. Through the fertilizer effect of ＂3414＂ experimentation, the fertilizer function equation for spring oilseed rape in eastern Qinghai Province was obtained and according to this mathematieal model, the best NPK fertilizer amount on the theory was gained as N 128.60 kg/hm~, P205 90.60 kg/hm2, K20 55. 10 kg/hm2, with the best yield of 3 471.50 kg/hm2. [ Conclusion] Comprehensively＇analyzing the recommended fertilizer recommendation with different fertilization methods, and combining the actual agricultural production in eastern Qinghai province, it was suggested that the recom- mended fertilizer amount of NPK fertilizer were N 120. O0 kg/hm2, P205 90.00 kg/hm2 and K20 50. O0 kg/hm2 resp.