库玛拉克河流域景观格局变化研究

Study on Landscape Pattern Changes of Kumalake River Basin

基于景观生态学理论分析景观空间格局，选取2005年9月份分辨率为18．5m的中巴遥感影像以及1990、2000年9月分辨率为30m的Landsat—TM遥感影像数据，运用ERDAS和ARCGIS、SuperMap等遥感图像处理和地理信息系统软件对图像进行预处理；以已有的1990、1999年阿克苏地区的土地利用解译结果为参照，采用人工目视解译重新进行遥感解译，提取各景观要素信息，并计算一些常用景观指数，分析研究区1990～2005年的15a间景观变化规律，结果表明，绿洲林地增加最快，其次是人居地和农田；绿洲草地面积减少最快，其次是盐碱地湿地景观和高山冰雪景观减少，1990～2005年15a绿州林地面积增长了106．5km2是阿克苏地区各级政府大力推广特色林果业，提倡植树造林、绿化环境的结果；人居地和农田的增加，绿州草地面积的减少以及盐碱地、湿地的减少的主要原因是人口的大幅增加和人类活动的干预；高山冰雪景观减少，其主要原因是全球变暖、气候异常所致；高山湖泊、山地森林、山地灌木面积没有发生变化，主要原因是库玛拉克河上游高山险峻，受人类干扰较少。

The research aimed to study landscape pattern based on theory of landscape ecology. Some software of remote sensing image pro- cessing and geographic information system（GIS） were adop!ed, such as ERDAS, ARCGIS, SuperMap, to do some pretreatment of image by selecting Landsat - TM remote sensing image in Sep. 1990 and 2000 and Pakistan remote sensing image in Sep. 2005, referring to the result of land use interpretation of 1990 and 1999 in Aksu Prefecture, extracting some information of landscape elements and calculating some indexes of landscape to analysis some law of landscape change of 15 years from 1990 to 2005. The results were as follows： there was the fast increase in oasis forestland, which increased 106.52 km~ in 15 years, secondly were habitat and farmland, there was the fast decrease in oasis grass- land, secondly were saline-alkali-soil, wetland and high mountain landscape, the main reason was a substantial increase in population and the intervention of human life, the landscape of alpine snow and ice was dreased, the main reason was globe wanning an climate anomaly ; the area of alpine lakes, mountain forest, mountain shrub had not changed, the main reason was steep mountains and the less human interference in the upstream of kuma lake river.