牟宗三“政道与治道”之论说的辨析和反思

A Discriminative Analysis of and Reflection on Mou Zongsan's Theory of "Political Doctrine and Governmental Doctrine"

作为新儒家政治哲学建构的主要理论成果之一,牟宗三的"政道与治道"之论说相对于其"良知自我坎陷说"而言,具有理论上的独立性。大致说来,"良知自我坎陷说"要解答的是,如何在儒家"内圣之学"的基础上"开出"民主政治和科学的问题;而"政道与治道"之论说,则是为了回答传统儒家的"外王学"或"治道"在民主政治中的价值和地位的问题。因此,如果"政道与治道"之论说能够言之成理,那么即便我们不能认同"良知自我坎陷说",它也应该值得我们研究与分享,但是这一论说却存在着诸多理论混乱和逻辑矛盾。但对这一论说细心的辨析和反思,无疑可以激发我们对相关问题的进一步思考。

Mou Zongsan＇ s theory of ＂political mind and governmental doctrines＂ was one of the leading theoretical fruits of Neo-Confucian political philosophy construction. This theory of Mou＇ s is theoretically independent to his view of ＂ self hom depression of conscience＂. Roughly speaking, the view of ＂ self horn depression of con- science＂ attempted to answer the question how to derive the conception of democratic politics and science from Con- fucian theory of ＂internal sainting＂. However, Mou＇s theory of ＂political mind and governmental doctrines＂ tried to expound the value and place of Confucian theory of ＂benevolent government＂ or ＂governmental doctrine＂ in democratic politics. Today, a discriminative analysis of and reflection on Mou＇ s theory will no doubt trigger our further consideration on other relevant issues.