从“存有之理”到“存在之理”——牟宗三对朱子天理观的分析

From the Reason of Ontology to the Reason of Existence——Mou Zongsan's Analysis of Zhu Xi's View of Heavenly Principles

朱子的理学体系是个庞大的系统,其核心则是天理观。牟宗三认为,朱子依儒家典籍而存有论地断定天理为天地万物的本体,此天理是"存有之理";但朱子通过从"然"反推其"所以然"之"存有论的解析",并通过格物穷理的方式把握此"所以然",从而使天理从"存有之理"转变为存在之"然"之存在性,即所谓"存在之理"。从朱子的论述来看,牟宗三的分析是有合理性的。不过,尽管朱子将天理从"存有之理"转变为"存在之理",从而在成德上有所歧出,但其所开创的理性认知进路则具有极为重要的价值。

Zhu＇ s Neo-Confucianism was an enormous theoretical system, the kernel of which was Zhu＇ s view of heavenly principles. According to Mou Zongsan , the Zhus ontologically determined based on Confucian classics, that heavenly principles were the beings of everything in nature. These heavenly principles were ＂ontological basis＂. However, the Zhus transformed the heavenly principles from ＂ontological basis＂ to the existence of ＂Yes＂, that is, the ＂reason of existence＂ by back-stepping his ＂ontological explanation＂ of ＂why being＂ from ＂being＂ and grasping ＂why being＂ by means of thorough investigation and analysis. According to Zhu＇ s theory, Mou＇ s was reasonable. analysis