汉江上游金水河流域非点源污染及控制

Non-point Source Pollution and Control in the Jinshui River Basin of the Upper Hanjiang River

采用监测和实地调查的方法,分析了汉江上游金水河流域的主要非点源污染状况,讨论了造成流域非点源污染的主要因素,并提出了相应的控制措施。结果表明:(1)流域内非点源污染主要以生化需氧量(CODMn)、氨氮(NH4-N)和总磷(TP)污染为主,污染程度为居民区>农耕区>林区,丰水期>平水期>枯水期;(2)造成流域非点源污染的因素主要有生活污染、农业活动、及单一的土地利用方式,而农业活动又与化肥和农药的施用、耕作方式及农事活动时间紧密相关。因此,为了保护流域的生态环境和保障调水工程的顺利实施,应采取有效措施控制流域内的非点源污染。

The non-point source pollution was analyzed in the Jinshui River catchment of the upper Hanjiang river using the data from water quality monitoring and field investigation. The main factors for non-point source pollution were presented and the adequate control measures were also proposed. The results showed that： （1） Chemical oxygen demand （CODMn）, ammonia nitrogen （NH4--N） and total phosphorus （TP） were the primary pollutants in the river. The highest pollution occurred in the residential areas and in the high- flow period. （2） The main factors influencing non-point source pollution in the catchment were domestic pollution and agricultural activities, probably the utilization of fertilizer and pesticide, farming methods and calendar of agricultural activities. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to control the non-point source pollution for protecting the environment in the catchment on the water resource conservation for the interbasin South-to-North water diversion project.