植被修复对锰矿渣废弃地土壤微生物数量与酶活性的影响

Effects on Soil Microorganisms and Enzyme Activity of Re-vegetation in the Slag Wasteland of Xiangtan Manganese Mine

以锰矿渣废弃地为对照地,研究了湘潭锰矿渣废弃地栾树(Koelreuteria paniclata)、杜英(Elaeocarpus de-cipens)人工混交林(修复地)对土壤微生物数量与酶活性的影响。结果表明:修复地和对照地土壤微生物以细菌数量最多,放线菌数量其次,真菌数量最少。修复地(0-60cm)土层微生物总数、细菌、真菌、放线菌数量比对照地的分别高出36.05%,43.32%,23.58%,6.54%。同一土层中,修复地微生物总数、细菌、真菌、放线菌数量均显著高于对照地(p<0.05),同一季节,修复地微生物总数、细菌、真菌、放线菌数量也基本上高于对照地。修复地(0-60 cm)土层脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性均高于对照地,且同一土层中,修复地和对照地脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性的差异极显著(p<0.01),0-20 cm土层蔗糖酶活性差异显著(p<0.05)。同一季节,修复地土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性均显著或极显著高于对照地(p<0.05),蔗糖酶活性秋、冬季显著高于对照地(p<0.05),而春季显著低于对照地(p<0.05)。土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性之间均呈正相关,且相关系数最大为0.943,最小为0.614。人工植被修复能明显提高矿渣废弃地土壤微生物数量和酶活性。

Wasteland having been formed with the slag heaps being regarded as contrast land, effects on soil microbe quantity and enzyme activities of artificial restore-mixed stands （restored forestland） of paniculed goldraintree （Koelreuteria paniclata Laxm） and common elaeocarpus （Elaeocarpus decipens） were conducted in the slag wasteland of Xiangtan manganese mine, Hunan province. Results showed that bacteria amounts were the most, aetinomyces amounts were the next, and fungi amounts were the least among composition of three communities of soil microbe in restored forestland and contrast land. In the 0--60 cm layer, the quantities of microbe, bacteria, fungi, actinomyces in restored land were respectively higher 36.05%, 43.32%, 23. 58%, 6. 54% than in contrast land. Quantities of microbes, bacteria, fungi and actinomyces were all significantly higher in artificial restored land than in contrast land in the same layer, and basically higher in artificial restored land than in contrast land in the same season. The activities of urease, sucrase, catalase were higher in artificial restored land than in contrast land in 0--60 cm soil layer, and also differences of activities of auease, catalase in artificial restored land and in contrast land were up to extremely significant in the same layer （p〈0.01）, and difference of sucrase activity also showed significant in the 0--20 cm soil layer （p〈0.05）, activities of urease and catalase were extremely significantly or significantly higher in artificial restored land than in contrast land in the same season （p〈0.05）, soil sucrase activity in artificial restored land was extremely significantly higher than in contrast land in autumn and winter （p〈0.05）, however in artificial restored land were significant lower than in contrast land in spring. There were significant positive relationship between the microbial quantity and enzyme activity, and also the highest correlation coefficient was O. 943, the lowest was 0. 614. It was concluded that artificial re-vegetation could significantly improve soil microbe quantity and enzyme activities in wasteland formed with the slag heaps.