地震灾区居民社会支持状况分析

Social support among residents in earthquake area

目的了解四川省汶川地震后1个月受灾居民获得的社会支持状况,为今后的援助工作提供参考依据。方法采用自编灾后社会支持调查问卷,在地震后1个月,对四川省德阳市、绵竹市、什邡市、汉旺镇地震点的居民进行面访式问卷调查。结果共调查居民290人,回收有效问卷236份,有效率为81.38%;物质支持、信息支持、情感支持平均得分分别为(4.26±0.65),(3.82±0.89),(4.06±0.81)分,3个维度间得分差异有统计学意义(F=26.38,P<0.01),在不同社会支持维度上,社会支持提供者分布情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);在情感支持维度上,女性得分为(4.18±0.74)分,男性为(3.92±0.80)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);成年早期的居民得分低于学龄期、青年期和成年中期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论地震后1个月,震区居民获得物质支持与情感支持较多,男性及成年早期居民获得的情感支持较少,应加强对信息支持的重视及情感支持的提供。

Objective To review the situation of social support in residents one month after the earthquake in order to provide information for rescue work. Methods ＂Social Support Questionnaire＂ desined by the authors was applied to 236 residents in three cities one month after Wenchuan earthquake. SPSS 15.0 was used to analyze the data. Results A total of 236 eligible questionnaries were collected. There were significant differences in scores of support between the types of social support （ F = 26. 38, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The first support was sbustance support （ 4. 26 ± 0. 65 ） ; the second was emotional support （4. 06 ±0. 81）, and the third was information support（3.82 ±0. 89）. There were significant differences in sources of the three types of social support （ χ^2 = 312. 53,41.61,302. 18, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The women （4. 18 ±0. 74 ） gained more emotional support than men（ 3.92 ±0. 80 ）. The person in ealier adult（ 3. 88 ± 0. 88 ） gained the least emotional support. Conclusion The residents in earthquake areas gained more material support and emotionl support than information support. The man and the person in the earlier adult gained less emotional support. Much more information and the emotional support should be provided.