三北防护林呼唤生态文明

The Three-North Shelter Forest Program needs ecological civilization

以文献资料为基础,通过简要的生态风险分析和比较,对三北防护林体系建设工程(三北工程)、土地荒漠化态势以及三北工程在荒漠化防治战略中的地位作出如下基本估计:1)三北工程建设成绩巨大,其生态、社会与经济效益有待进一步科学准确评估;2)以"三滥"(滥垦、滥伐/滥樵、滥牧)为代表的不合理土地利用依然是三北地区荒漠化形势严峻的主要动因;3)三北工程以其对退化系统结构与功能的恢复和对脆弱系统抗干扰力的增加而成为防治荒漠化战略中有效的治理措施,由于不具有消减人为干扰发生的作用而不能代替积极的防御对策。三北地区的生态安全依赖于"以防为主,防治结合"的荒漠化防治方针的认真执行。从生态文明理念中找到了一条可以从源头遏制荒漠化的有效途径,借鉴"生态省"的建设思路,提出了建设"生态三北"的基本框架,包括生态经济体系、生态环境体系、生态道德体系和生态法制体系等4大体系建设。

Based on the related literatures and the analysis and comparison of ecological risks, a basic estimation was made on the advances in the Shelter Forest System Program in Three-North Regions of China （ SFSPTNRC）, the situation of land-desertification in the regions, and the strategic role of the SFSPTNRC in desertification prevention and control. The SFSPTNRC had achieved great success, but the ecological, social, and economic benifits needed to be further evaluated scientifcally and accurately. Unreasonable land-use activities, e. g. , over-cultivation, overgrazing, and deforestation, were still the main causes of serious desertification in the regions. Though the SFSPTNRC had recovered the structure and function of degraded ecosystems and enhanced the disturbance-resistant capability of frangible ecosystems, being effective in preventing and controlling desertification, this Program could not substitute the active defense strategies because of its inefficiency in eliminating anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, the ecological safety of the Three-North Regions of China should be depended on the earnestly executing the guide-line ＇ both preventing and managing while emphasizing preventing＇ in desertification control. An effective way to keep the cause of desertification within limits was suggested from the concept of ecological civilization, and with the reference of ＇ eco-province＇ , a framework for the construction of ecological Three-North Regions, including eco-economic system, eco-environmental system, eco-morality system, and eco-legal system, was brought forward.