哈尼梯田景观地表水营养物质的时空变化

Spatiotemporal changes of surface water nutrients in Hani terraced landscape

云南哈尼梯田是一种山地农业景观,不仅具有良好的水土保持功能,而且有极高的美学价值。本文对元阳县全福庄小流域地表水的氮、磷营养物质进行了采样和分析。结果表明:梯田田水中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的含量及其变幅的空间分异都是春季高;梯田区河沟水中TN和TP含量都是夏季高,而含量变幅的空间分异则随采样时间的不同而有差异;森林区河沟水TN和TP含量均是夏季高,但其变幅的空间分异两者有较大差别;从小流域整体看,景观中营养物质较为贫乏,并存在营养物质含量随季节(时间)的变化而不同。营养物质含量变幅在空间上则表现出梯田田水>梯田区河沟水>森林区河沟水的特点,显示梯田景观中地表水营养物质具有复杂的时空变化特征。

The Hani terrace in Yunnan Province is a kind of montane agricultural landscape, being famous for its large area, wide distribution, astonishing construction, and infrequency in the world. In this paper, surface water was sampled from the Quanfuzhang basin in Yuanyang County, with the nitrogen and phosphorous contents determined. In the terrace surface water, both the total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorous （TP） contents and their spatial heterogeneity were the highest in spring; in the stream water in terrace region, the TN and TP contents were the highest in summer, and their spatial heterogeneity differed with sampling time; while in the stream water in forest region, the TN and TP contents were the highest in summer, but the spatial heterogeneity of TN and TN had greater differences. As a whole, this basin was poor in nutrients, and the nutrient contents changed with seasons. The spatial variation of the nutrient contents was in the order of terrace surface water 〉 river water in terrace region 〉 river water in forest region, which indicated the complex spatiotemporal changes of nutrient in terraced agriculture