论冯内古特的元小说艺术创新

On Vonnegut's Artistic Innovation of Metafiction

元小说在小说内包含对自身叙事和语言特性的评论。冯内古特的元小说文本不仅考察小说的叙事结构,而且有效地深化了作品的主题思想:《五号屠场》以元小说形式吸引读者参与对现实中战争与死亡的讨论;反传统小说《冠军早餐》揭示一个非常普通的黑色幽默主题——科学仍然不能解决后现代人类生活的荒诞和无意义问题;《神枪手迪克》中的"元小说式戏中戏"暴露当代人类处于自我毁灭的危险社会生态环境中。

Metafiction contains comments on its own narrative and language characteristics within the fiction. Vonnegut＇s metafictional texts not only examine the narrative structure of fiction but also effectively deepen the themes of his works. Slaughterhouse-Five allures the reader to participate in the discussion of war and death through its metafictional form. Breakfast of Champions, an anti-traditional novel, reveals a very common theme of black humor： science is still incapable of solving the problems of absurdity and meaninglessness of postmodern human life. The play-within-the-play metafiction in contemporary human beings are in a dangerous social and ecological environment of self-destruction.