保定市特殊恐怖症的流行病学调查

An epidemiologlcal survey on specific phobia in Baoding

目的探讨保定市民特殊恐怖症的患病率和分布特点。方法2004年10月～2005年3月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取18周岁及以上的人群10073例，用扩展的一般健康问卷（GHQ—12）将调查对象分为高、中、低危险组，采用美国精神障碍诊断标准（DSM—Ⅳ），以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版（DSM-Ⅳ）轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查病人版对调查对象进行特殊恐怖症的诊断。结果9021例完成调查，特殊恐怖症的终生患病率为0．74％，时点患病率为0．68％；各类型的终生及时点患病率分别为：动物型0．38％、0．36％，自然环境型0．31％、0．27％，其他型0．07％、0．03％；血液-注射-损伤型的终生和时点患病率均为0．09％，情景型仅终生患病率为0．01％。女性时点患病率高于男性；农村时点患病率高于城市；30-39岁的患病率最高，18～19岁的患病率最低。特殊恐怖症的精神科就诊率为2．5％。结论特殊恐怖症常见于年轻的女性，各类型患病率不同，且就诊率低。

Objective To investigate the current prevalence and distribution of specific phobia in Baoding. Methods From Oct. 2004 to Mar. 2005, Stratified multi- stage cluster randomization was used to identify 10073 subjects aged 18 years or over in Baoding. An expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire （GHQ-- 12） was used to identify subjects at high, moderate and low risk for having a specific phobia, diagnosis of specific phobia was then made according to the fourth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder （DSM-- Ⅳ） criteria after conducting a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM--Ⅳ--TR Axis Ⅰ Disorders--Patient Edition （SCID-I/P）. Results 9021 subjects completed the screening. The overall lifetime prevalence of specific phobia was 0. 74 % and the current prevalence of specific phobia was 0.68% ; the lifetime and current prevalence of various types of specific phobia were 0.38% and 0. 36% in animal type, 0.31% and 0. 27% in natural environment type, 0.07% and 0.03% in other types, respectively; the lifetime prevalence of blood/injection/injury type was 0.09% ; the lifetime prevalence of situational type was 0.01% ; the lifetime prevalence of situational type was 0.01%. The current prevalence of specific phobia was higher in female than in male （P〈 0.01）, so was in rural than in urban areas （P 〈 0.01）. The current prevalence was highest in aged 30- 39 years and lowest in 18-19 years of all year groups. Only 2.5% of patients with specific phobia had sought treatment from mental health services. Conclusions Specific phobia was more frequent in young females and the prevalence of various types of specific phobia was different. Only a few patients with specific phobia had sought treatment from mental health services.