氯化铵转化技术现状及展望

Current situation and prospect for conversion technology of ammonium chloride

氯化铵的转化技术主要有硫酸法、硫酸氢盐法、金属氧化物法以及催化分解法。探讨了这些方法的原理、发展及其在工业化生产中的优劣势。硫酸法对氨资源未能充分利用,得到的硫酸盐又不能循环使用,生产成本较高;硫酸氢盐法反应温度较高,导致原料氯化铵汽化,工程上难以解决氯化铵与氯化氢混和气的分离问题;金属氧化物法反应条件温和,氯化氢和氨气收率较高,是目前中国氯化铵转化研究所用的主要技术,但工艺路线较长,设备投资较大;催化分解法的置换剂昂贵,反应条件苛刻,不利于工业化。

Principle and development of main ammonium chloride conversion methods, such as sulfuric acid method, acid sulfate method, metal oxide compound method, and catalytic decomposition method, were reviewed. Advantages and dis- advantages of different methods in industrial production were discussed. Sulfuric acid method has failed to make full use of ammonia resources, and obtained sulphate cannot be recycled and production cost is high. Acid sulfate reaction temperature is so high that it will cause raw material ammonium chloride to vaporize, and problem of separation ammonium chloride from hydrogen chloride gas cannot be solved in project. Metal oxide compound method has mild reaction conditions and higher yield of ammonia and hydrogen chloride. It is the main method for research of ammonium chloride coversion in China. But the craft route is long, the equipment investment is large. Due to expensive replacement agent and harsh reaction conditions j catalytic decomposition method is not benefit to industrialization.