冬小麦根区土壤水肥空间耦合对根系生长及活力的影响

Effects of water and fertility spatial coupling in rootzone soil of winter wheat on root growth and activity

以冬小麦小偃22号为管栽试验材料,通过采用3种湿润方式(整体湿润、上层湿润、下层湿润)及3种施肥方式(整体施肥、上层施肥、下层施肥),研究了冬小麦根区土壤不同水肥空间耦合方式对不同生育阶段根系鲜重、干重及活力的影响。结果表明:(1)不同湿润方式下:与上层湿润和下层湿润方式相比,整体湿润方式扬花灌浆期的根鲜重分别增加了5.63%和18.09%。整体湿润方式与上层湿润方式下根系活力差异性不明显,但二者均高于下层湿润处理;(2)不同施肥方式下:在分蘖期和拔节期,上层施肥和整体施肥的根鲜重、干重及根系活力高于下层施肥处理。在扬花灌浆期,下层施肥方式下根系活力降幅低于其它两种施肥方式。在成熟期,下层施肥方式下根系出现"早衰"现象;(3)不同湿润和施肥耦合方式下,以整体湿润、上层施肥的耦合方式最优,在提高根系活力和根鲜/干重的同时,减少了氮、磷在土壤中的残留。

Effects of water and fertility spatial coupling on root fresh and dry weight and root activity were studied at different growing stages of winter wheat （Xiaoyan No. 22）. The experiment contains three kinds of wet ways （i. e. the overall soil wetting, the upper soil wetting and the lower soil wetting） and three kinds of fertilization ways （the overall soil fertilization, the upper soil fertilization and the lower soil fertilization）. The results showed as follows ： （1） Under different soil wetting treatment, fresh root weight of winter wheat with the treatment of overall soil wetting at flowering - filling stage was increased compared to the treatments of the upper and the lower soil wetting, with an average raise of 5.63 % and 18.09 %, respectively. There was no obvious difference of root activity between the treatments of overall soil wetting and the upper soil wetting, but the root activity of the treatments of overall soil wetting and the upper soil wetting were higher than the treatment of lower soil wetting; （2） Under different fertilization ways, the root fresh and dry weight and root activity of the upper and overall fertilization treatment was higher than that of the treatment of the lower fertilization at tillering and jointing stage. At flowering - fining stage, the reducing rate of root activity by the treatment of lower fertilization was lower than other two treatments. At maturing stage, there was a ＂premature senility＂ phenomenon of root activity in the treatment of soil lower fertilization; （3） From the coupling effect of soil wetting and fertilization mode from the changes tion was the phosphorus of the winter wheat root activity, the combination treatment of overall soil wetting and the upper soil fertilizabest, which can enhance the root fresh and dry weight and root activity and reduce residues of nitrogen and in the soil.