黄土高原旱地小麦氮磷钾与有机肥优化配施试验

Combination effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic manure on winter wheat in dryland of the Loess Plateau

试验研究了不同施肥处理对小麦产量及肥料、水分利用率的影响。结果表明:氮磷配施对产量的贡献率最高,产量达5 099.8 kg/hm2,增产率达21.5%,较氮、磷肥单施产量分别增产14.0%和18.4%,具有正交互效应;单施有机肥较NM、PM、NPM增产率分别达到6.63%、4.12%、11.3%。化肥配施可显著提高旱地小麦的肥料利用率和水分利用效率,氮磷有机肥配施肥料氮、磷肥的利用率分别较氮、磷肥单施提高1.71和12.55个百分点;氮磷配施可同时提高氮肥、磷肥肥效,此时氮贡献率为15.53%,磷贡献率达12.26%,且水分利用率提高了24.1%,耗水系数降低了17.57%。

The effect of different fertilizing treatments on dryland wheat yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency was studied. The results show that： The combination of N and P application has the highest fertilizing contribution rate, with a wheat yield of 5 099.8 kg/hm^2 and an increasing rate of 21.5 % ; the yield-increasing rate of the combination of N and P application is 14.0% and 18.4% higher than that of N application and P application separately, and there is obviously positive interaction; the increasing rate of wheat yield of the single application of organic manure is 6.63 %, 4.12% and 11.3% higher than that of the combination of N and M, P and M, NP and M respectively. Fertilizer complication application can increase wheat yield, water use efficiency and fertilizer utilization, and the complication application of organic manure and N and P can increase fertilizer use efficiency of N and P by 17.71 and 12.55 percentage points; the combination of N and P can both increase the fertilizer use efficiency of N and P, with15.53% of the contribution ratio of fertilizer component of N and 12.26% of P, which can reduce water consumption coefficient by 21.4%, and increase water use efficiency by 17.57%.