不同品种薹用大蒜花薹发育进程及其形态和解剖学观察

The observation of organ development of different bolting garlic cultivars in morphology and anatomy

以大蒜薹用品种‘正月早’、‘二水早’和‘三月黄’为材料,采用石蜡切片法和显微摄影法对大蒜茎端及蒜薹发育过程进行形态和解剖学观察。结果表明:大蒜茎端生长点的分化进程可分营养生长期、总苞和花序分化期、鳞芽形成期和花芽分化期,其中花芽分化期又可分为花原基分化、苞片分化、气生鳞茎分化以及花器官分化等不同阶段。大蒜鳞芽分化晚于花序分化而早于花器官分化。蒜薹薹身的解剖结构主要由表皮、皮层、维管束和薄壁细胞组成。不同品种大蒜花芽分化和抽薹始期不同,从早到晚依次为‘正月早’、‘二水早’和‘三月黄’,与品种特性一致。

‘Zhengyuezao＇, ‘Ershuizao＇ and ‘Sanyuehuang＇ three garlic cultivars were used as test materials,and the morphological characters and anatomical structure of their stem apexes and scapes in development process were investigated by means of microphotography and paraffin method. The resuits showed that the apical point differentiation of the stem can be divided into three stages：vegetative growth period, involucre and inflorescence differentiation period and flower bud differentiation period. The flower bud differentiation process includes flower primordium differentiation, bract differentiation,top set differentiation and floral organ differentiation. The scaly bud differentiates later than the inflorescence but earlier than the floral organ. The anatomical structure of the garlic scape consists of epidermis, cortex,vascular bundle and thin-walled cells. The cultivars are different in initial phases of flower bud differentiation and bolting. ‘Zhengyuezao＇ is the earliest and ‘Sanyuehuang＇ the latest.