纳米载体细胞器靶向的研究进展

Advances in the study of organelles targeting nanocarriers

现代给药系统要求药物在充分发挥疗效的同时毒副作用小,这就需要药物能被特异转运至靶组织、靶细胞,甚至是特定的细胞器,如细胞质基质、细胞核、线粒体、溶酶体、内质网等。阻碍药物达到靶点的主要屏障有细胞膜、溶酶体降解作用和细胞器膜。纳米载体既可保护药物特别是蛋白、酶、DNA等活性分子,也便于进行功能改进和修饰。本文重点总结了纳米载体通过各种功能修饰克服各种屏障作用,在进入细胞后对细胞质基质、细胞核、线粒体、溶酶体和内质网的靶向作用。

Modern drug delivery system demands high therapeutic efficacy and low toxicity which depends on efficient intracellular transportation of therapeutics to specific organisms, cells, even targeted organelles such as cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum. Intracellular barriers which prevent drug molecules accessing to their targets mainly include cell membrane, lysosomal degradation and the endomembrane system. Nanocarriers can preserve the bioacfivities of protein, enzyme and DNA, and also they are easy to be modified and funcfionalized. In this paper, we summarized the intracellular fate of nanocarriers, especially how to bypass intracellular barriers and then target cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, lysosome and endoplasmic reticulum by pharmaceutical modifications.