肺炎支原体实验诊断技术现状及发展

Current trend of clinical diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae

肺炎支原体是一种引起人类呼吸道感染的常见病原体，并可引起其他多系统并发症。肺炎支原体实验室诊断的方法主要有肺炎支原体分离培养、PCR类基因检测实验、血清抗体检测实验、抗原检测实验，目前较为流行的检测方法主要是血清抗体检测和PCR检测。血清抗体检测对于初次感染的儿童可单次采血检测IgM抗体滴度是否升高，而对成人往往需要采集双份血清进行IgG抗体检测。PCR检测实验条件较高，在临床诊断中尚未大规模普及。由于目前抗体诊断试剂的特异性还有待提高，最好采用两种以上的实验室检测方法对肺炎支原体进行确切诊断。

Mycoplasma pneumoniae（Mp） is a common pathogen of human respiratory diseases,which can cause multiple extrapulmonary syndromes. The major methods applied in the Mp diagnosis are Mp culture test,PCR test, serum specific antibody test, Mp antigen test. The most commonly used diagnostic methods are serum antibody test and PCR test. In serum antibody test, for young pediatric patients a single test of IgM titer would be sufficient,while for adult patients paired serum test of IgG is recommended. PCR test requires high standard of experiment hand over, and has not been applied in the majority of clinical laboratories, yet we still short of systemic data which compare PCP, test with serum antibody test, and serum antibody test with a higher specificity are needed. With all these concerns,it is optimized to combine the two types of test to yield the highest efficacy in Mp diagnosis.