“计量得失”和“计较得失”——再论“王冕死了父亲”的句式意义和生成方式

Gain and Loss:Do You Mind it or Not?

本文进一步说明"王冕死了父亲"这种句式的意义是表示得失,是说话人认为事情有关得失并计较这种得失。"计量得失"是客观的,"计较得失"是主观的。说话人越是计较事情的得失,越是移情于得失者,就越倾向于采用这种句式。关于这种句式的生成方式,本文指出两种新的移位说——"焦点后移说"和"定指前移说"——存在的问题,坚持沈家煊(2006)提出的"类推糅合说"。人有什么感受,就有什么表达,表达是无需教的,人的语言能力应该包括语言表达的能力。

Native Chinese speakers tend to use the construction ＂ Wangmian si le fuqin＂ （ ＂Wangmian died father＂ meaning ＂Wangmian lost his father＂ ） instead of ＂Wangmian de fuqin si le＂ （ ＂Wangmian＇ s father died＂ ） when they care about gain or loss of Wangmian. So the construction meaning of it is ＂to mind gain and loss＂ rather than ＂to measure gain and loss＂. Two theories of movement about the generation of this construction, i. e. , the theory of focus ending and the theory of definite NP fronting, are discussed and criticized, and the theory of generation by analogical blending is maintained. The conclusion is that human language competence should also include expressive competence.