“往A里V”格式的功能演变及主观化进程

The Functional Change and Subjectivization of "Wang(往) A Li(里) V"

"往A里V"格式中的动词根据语义特征可分为三类:Va[+动作][+位移];Vb[+动作][-位移];Vc[-动作][-位移]。当V为Va或Vb,该格式分别表示主观增量的"性质增量"与"程度增量";当V为Vc时,该格式往往位于句首,为句外成分,A指向后面的整个命题,格式表"偏值评价"。本文比较这三类格式的异同、特点及发展进程,指出动词行为性越弱,格式的可推导性就越弱,而主观性则越强,并导致该格式从句法层面拓展到篇章层面。

Judging from their semantic features, verbs in the construction of ＂Wang （往） A Li （里） V＂ can be divided into three kinds ： Va [ ＋ activity ] [ ＋ displacement ] ; Vb [ ＋ activity ] [ - displacement] ; [ -activity] [ -displacement]. When V belongs to Va or Vb, the construction express subjective incremental including nature incremental and degree incremental. When V belongs to Ve, the construction is always located at the first of the sentence with A points to the whole proposition and the construction express extreme value evaluation. In this paper, the three kinds of construction are compared according to their semantic character and diachronic development. It is pointed out that the less active the verb is, the less conclusive the construction is and the more subjective the construction is. The change of the characters may cause the function of ＂Wang ALi V＂ extend from semantic level to discourse level.