言语社区基本要素的关系和作用——以合肥科学岛社区为例

Interrelationship of the Fundamental Elements of a Speech Community and their Roles

语言学家开展社会调查的时候,常常以言语社区为单位。但调查开始之前,如何发现和鉴定某个社区是否是言语社区却是首先必须解决的问题。本文以合肥科学岛社区调查为依据来讨论鉴定言语社区五要素之间的关系和作用等问题。调查结果表明,言语社区五要素在社区中所处的作用虽然不同,但缺一不可,认同是五要素中最重要的一个鉴定要素,它是言语社区最终形成的重要标志。

According to Xu Darning （2004） and Zhou Mingqiang （2007）, a speech community has five fundamental elements： people, terrain, interaction, language identity and establishment. Through identifying these elements, a speech community can be affirmed. However, some others believe that only three elements are necessary for a speech community. The focus of this paper is to find out the number of the necessary elements based on the language surveys we have done. By observing the data collected in Hefei Scientific Island, we find that a speech community should be affirmed by five fundamental elements and each of them plays an important part in a speech community. Among them, language identity is the most important one. And it＇s the marker identifying the fact that a community has developed into a speech community.