行政垄断问题的再思考

Reconsideration on the Issues of Administrative Monopoly

在我国当前滥用行政权力限制竞争十分普遍的国情条件下,反行政垄断不仅应当成为我国反垄断法的任务之一,而且应当成为我国反垄断法的主要任务。因为在企业普遍寻求政府保护或者通过政府"寻租"的社会环境下,反垄断法不可能得到认真和有效的执行。我国应借鉴其他国家或者地区反垄断法的经验,把调查和审理这类案件的任务统一交给反垄断执法机构。世界上有很多反垄断执法机构有权监管政府部门滥用权力限制竞争的行为,如欧共体委员会、联邦德国卡特尔局和日本公平交易委员会。法院也应发挥其重要作用,即当企业或者消费者的权益受到行政垄断行为的侵害时,应有获得司法救济的机会。我国应当改革行政法,应授予法院监督政府行为的权力,包括监督政府抽象行政行为的权力。我国反垄断的任务在本质上是各级政府和各个经济部门的任务。可以说,只有当我国在制止行政垄断方面能够采取有效法律措施的时候,方可说我国已经建立起社会主义市场经济体制。

Under China＇s current conditions that administrative power is abused to limit competition, anti-administrative monopoly should not only he one of the tasks of anti-monopoly legislation, but also should be the main task of anti-monopoly legislation. In the social environment of enterprise seeking government protection or rent-seeking through governments, the anti-monopoly laws can＇t be implemented seriously and effectively. China should learn from other countries＇ anti-monopoly legislation, submit the investigating and trying function concerning this kind of cases to the anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies. There are a lot of anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies empowered to regulate the abuse of power by governments＇ restrictions on competitive practices, such as the European Commission, the Federal German Cartel Office and the Japan Fair Trade Commission. The court also should play an important role in this respect, that is, when the interests of businesses or consumers are infringed by the administrative monopoly actions, they can access to the court. China should reform administrative law, and give the court power to oversee governments＇ actions, including monitoring governments＇ power of abstract administrative acts. China＇s anti-monopoly task is the task of all levels of governments and various sectors of the economy. Only the anti-administrative monopoly law is implemented effectively to prevent the administrative monopoly, can China is said to establish a socialist market economy system indeed.