小学生数学问题解决中的“视觉—空间表征”

Visual-spatial Representations in Mathematical Problem Solving among Elementary School Students

“视觉－空间表征”是采用视觉表象的表征方式，空间视觉化能力是个体对刺激情境进行“视觉－空间表征”的能力，前者成为小学生解决数学问题的主要心理机制之一，后者则成为影响小学生能否成功解决数学问题的重要主体因素．V／A模型阐述了“视觉－空间表征”与数学问题解决、空间视觉化能力的关系及其在数学问题解决中的作用机制．“视觉－空间表征”包括图像表征、图式表征两种，图像表征是图式表征的基础，也是低年级小学生数学问题解决的有效表征方式．

Visual-spatial representations, which were representation mode of using visual imagery, were one of the main mental mechanisms in solving mathematical problem among elementary school students. Spatial visualization ability, which was a key subject factor of elementary school student＇s success in mathematical problems soIving, was an ability of adopting visual-spatial representations to stimulus scene. V/A model elaborate the relations of visual-spatial representation to mathematical problem solving and to spatial visualization ability and its effect mechanism in mathematical problem solving. Visual-spatial representations include two types： pictorial representation and schematic representation. Pictorial representation was the foundation of the schematic representation and was also an effective representation mode in mathematical problem solving among lower-grade elementary school students.