超级早、晚稻品种的源库协调性

Coordination between Source and Sink in Super Early and Late Rice

为了探讨超级早、晚稻品种的高产机理,对其源库特性进行了研究。与非超级稻品种(对照)相比,超级早、晚稻品种的总库容量、粒叶比、粒束比均较大,且与产量显著正相关;在整个灌浆结实期的源库增量比略大,但早稻在灌浆中后期(抽穗后10～25d)和晚稻在灌浆前期(抽穗后0～10d)均明显大;起始灌浆速率和平均灌浆速率均大,结实率与起始灌浆速率呈显著正相关,产量与平均灌浆速率呈极显著(早稻)或显著(晚稻)正相关;生育后期的根系活力衰退值较小,而剑叶的气-叶温差除早稻的株两优819和晚稻的淦鑫688外,其他均大。根系活力衰退值与产量显著负相关,剑叶的气叶温差与产量显著正相关。研究表明,较大的库容量且源库协调性较好是超级早、晚稻品种超高产的重要机理。

In order to clarify the super higher yield mechanism of super early and late rice, we studied the source and sink characteristics under field conditions. Compared with non-super rice cultivars （control cultivar）, the total sink capacity, ratio of grain-leaf area and ratio of grain-vascular bundle of super rice were higher, and positively and significantly correlated with grain yield. During filling stage, the ratio of source increase to sink of super early and late rice was slightly higher than that of control cultivars, hut in the mid-late filling stage （10-25 d after heading） of early rice and the early filling stage （0-10 d after heading） of late rice, the ratio was significantly larger than that of control cultivars. The initial grain-filling rate and mean grain-filling rate of super early, and late rice were higher than those of control cultivars, and positively and significantly correlated with filled grain rate and yield, respectively. The degradation rates of root activity of super early and late rice after heading were lower than those of control cultivars, while the temperature depression （difference between air temperature and leaf temperature） was higher than that of control cultivars except early rice Zhuliangyou 819 and late rice Ganxin 688. The degradation rate of root activity and the temperature depression were negatively and positively, correlated with grain yield, respectively. The results suggested that larger total sink capacity and better coordination between source and sink should be the important mechanism for super higher yield in super early and late rice cultivars.