海涂米草与水稻远缘杂交种质资源发掘与创新

Excavation and Innovation Germplasm Resources by Distant Hybridization of Rice and Seabeach Spartina

米草具有耐盐、耐淹等优良特性;水稻籽粒饱满,产量高。本研究通过米草与水稻远缘杂交,试图选育耐盐高产的米草/水稻粮饲兼用作物新品种。2005-2006年,引种栽培了大米草1720株,水稻品种（组合）15种,进行了大米草与水稻杂交试验。结果表明：2005年,水稻培矮64S/04141（♀）与大米草（♂）杂交结籽149粒。2006年,F1代自交结种224穗,获自交种籽11842粒,千粒重18.39g;F1（♀）×大米草（♂）回交17穗,获BC1F1种籽24粒,回交结实率2.84%;水稻（♀）×大米草（♂）杂交6个品种（组合）23穗,获种籽63粒,杂交结实率4.2%。大米草与水稻杂交,其RAPD反应表明,杂交后代与水稻亲本相比,条带有明显差别,表明远缘杂交导致水稻发生了基因重组。2005年,引种栽培了互花米草560株,2006年进行了互花米草与水稻杂交试验。结果表明：水稻（♀）7个品种（组合）×互花米草（♂）杂交39穗,得杂交种籽115粒,杂交穗结籽率5.4%;F132、F134（♀）×互花米草（♂）杂交12穗,得杂交种籽18粒,杂交穗结籽率2%。2007年在启东协兴港海涂滩地米草稻田大米草/水稻F2在土壤含盐量7.83‰,pH8.20,灌溉水10.37‰情况下,千粒重达18g,结实率52.8%,单株种籽重19.97g;在如东羊场米草稻田大米草/水稻F2在土壤含盐量5.28‰,pH7.9情况下,千粒重达22g,结实率51.1%,单株种籽重19.1g。水稻×玉米×米草三元杂交种籽千粒重22.8g,结实率69.9%,单株种籽重41.4g;在农科所试验地大米草/水稻F2代千粒重22.4g,结实率58.2%,单株种籽重33.7g;水稻×玉米×米草三元杂交种籽千粒重25.2g,结实率82%,单株种籽重59.2g。

S. anglica was introduced and 1720 plants were cultivated along with 15 rice varieties （combinations） in 2005 -2006. The results of cresses between S. anglica and rice showed that a total of 149 hybrid seeds was obtained from the hybrid between S. anglica （paternal） and the rice combination Pei＇ ai 64S/04141 （maternal） in 2005. The selfing F1 produced 11842 of hybrid seeds from 224 spikes with an 18.39 g of thousand-seed weight in 2006. Twenty four BC1F1 hybrid seeds were obtained in the 17 hybrid spikes from the backcross between S. anglica （paternal） and F1 （maternal）. The seed setting rate was 2.84 %. In addition, a total of 63 hybrid seeds was obtained from the 23 hybrid spikes between S. anglica （paternal） and 6 rice varieties （maternal）. The seed setting rate was 4.2 %. The RAPD analysis of the hybrids of S. anglica and rice showed that evident differences were observed between the bands of the hybrids and parents, indicating the possibility of genetic recombination in rice due to distant hybridization with S. anglica. S. alterniflora was introduced in 2005 and 560 plants were cultivated along with 14 rice varieties （combinations） in 2006. The results of crosses between S, alterniflora and rice showed that a total of 115 hybrid seeds was obtained from the 39 hybrid spikes between S. alterniflora （paternal） and 7 rice varieties （maternal）. The seed setting rate was 5.4 %. In addition, 18 hybrid seeds were obtained in the 12 hybrid spikes from the cross between S. alterniflora （paternal） and F132 and F134 （maternal）. The seed setting rate was 2 %. Hybrids F2 of S. alterniflora × rice can adapt to the salty soil of 7.83 ‰ with pH 8.2 under irrigation water of 10.37 ‰ in 2007 on the seabeanh of Xiexing, Qidong county. The 1000-seed weight was 18 g, the seed setting rate was 52.8 % and the seed weight per plant was 19.97 g. Hybrids F2 ofS. altemiflora x rice can adapt to the salty soil of 5.28 %o with pH7.9 on the seabeach of Yangchang, Rudong county . The thousand-seed weight was 22 g, the seed setting rate was 51.1% and the seed weight per plant was 19.1 g. While the thousand-seed weight of rice× maize × S. alterniflora was 22.8 g, the seed setting rate was .69.9 % and the seed weight per plant was 41.4 g. Cultivated in the experiment field of Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, the thousand-seed weight hybrids F2 of S. alterniflora × rice was 22.4 g, the seed setting rate was 58.2 % and the seed weight per plant was 33.7 g. And the thousand-seed weight of rice ×maize × S. alterniflora was 25.2 g, the seed setting rate was 82 % and the seed weight per plant was 59.2 g.