石河子市土地利用变化及其生态系统服务功能研究

Research on Change of Land Utilization and Ecosystem Service Function in Shihezi

通过对石河子市1996、2000和2004年的土地利用动态数据进行分析,并利用CostanzaR.等人的生态系统服务价值公式计算了该区各研究期的生态系统服务价值及其变化。结果表明:在整个研究期内,土地利用结构整体变化显著,部分土地类型面积变化明显。耕地和未利用地面积呈下降趋势,林地和建设用地面积则表现为增加趋势,而草地和水域的面积变化不大;各生态系统服务价值呈现两增三减的趋势:林地和水域生态系统服务价值增加,耕地、草地和荒漠生态系统服务价值下降。总体来说,生态系统服务总价值在整个研究期间呈增加趋势,即从1996年的2540.3×105元增加至2004年的2651.4×105元;通过对研究区生态系统各单项服务功能价值进行分析,发现在整个研究期间各单项服务功能变化程度有所不同,土地利用结构变化导致了研究区生态系统服务功能变化明显,单项生态服务功能差异显著,生态服务功能总体呈增加趋势。土壤形成与保护和废物处理在生态系统服务价值的构成中所占比重较大,达18%以上。气候调节、水源涵养和生物多样性保护对生态系统服务价值也有一定的贡献,其构成比例在10%～15%之间。原材料和娱乐文化对生态系统服务价值贡献较小,其所占比例在5%以下。

Through analyzing the dynamic data of the land utilization in 1996,2000 and 2004 , in Shihezi, the formula of the ecosystem service value was used to calculate the ecosystem service value and change. The results showed that the whole change of the land use structure was signicificant and the areas of partial land types were obvious. The areas of the farmland and unutilized land existed downward trends, the area of the forest land and construction land existed increasing trends and the grassland and water area had no large changes. The ecosystem service value of the forest land and water area increased and that of the farmland , grassland and desert decreased. The total ecosystem service value existed increasing trends in whole studied period. The analysis of the single service value of every ecosystem in studied period showed that the variation degree of the single service function was different. The change of the land use structure resulted in that the service function of the ecosystem had obvious change, the difference of the single service function had signicificant difference and the total service function increased. The proportion of the formation and protection of the soil and the treatment of the waste materials was large in the structure of the ecosystem service value. The climate regulation, water conservation and the biodivcrsity conservation had a certain contribution to the ecosystem service value and the contribution of raw materials and the amusement culture was small.