攀西地区麻疯树嫁接育苗技术研究

Study on Raising Seedlings of Jatropha curcas L. by Grafting. in Panxi Region

麻疯树嫁接育苗技术能快速固定改良品种的优良性状,缩短良种选育时间。试验以5月龄麻疯树幼苗为砧木,以优良无性系3年生植株的1～2年的枝条为接穗,开展枝接法(劈接和切接)、芽接法(嵌芽接和单芽切接)等嫁接方法和时间对嫁接成活率影响的研究,同时开展以4～5年生幼树的一级分枝主干为砧木的高接换冠试验。研究结果表明:在麻疯树萌芽生长期(旱季)采用劈接法、切接法、嵌芽接法和单芽切接法的嫁接成活率均能够达到100%;嫁接30d后枝接法和芽接法的嫁接成活率差异不显著;在嫁接后20d内枝接法和芽接法萌芽率均超过90%以上,表明麻疯树接穗萌芽期主要集中在嫁接后10～20d;芽接法接穗后期生长量明显大于枝接法;采用芽接法的高接换冠的嫁接成活率在90%以上;砧木粗度和接穗生长量有极强的线形回归关系,回归方程为y=11.342+19.753x(P=0.001);接穗粗度和接穗长度有较强的线形回归关系,回归方程为:y=11.973+35.442x(P=0.001)。该嫁接育苗技术适合于该树种优良品系的无性系繁育和低产低效林的高接改造。

Raising seedlings by grafting in Jatropha curcas L. （ JC ） could quickly fix the fine properties of improved variety and shorten its breeding period. 5 months seedlings were selected as parental rootstocks and 1 -2a branches on 3a saplings as scions, the impact of different grafting methods including whip grafting （cleft grafting and cut grafting）, budding （plate budding and single bud cut grafting）and grafting time on grafting survival rate were conducted, Meanwhile, high grafting was used in the first order branching of 4 -Sa saplings. The results showed that the survival rate of JC in Panxi region all can be up to 100 % in period of germination （dry season） by using all aboved grafting methods. There was not obviously different in survival rate between whip grafting and budding grafting after 30 days. The rate of scion germinate both grafted exceeded 90 % after 20 days, which indicated that stages in germination of JC concentrated in 10 -20 days grafted. The growth increment in the later of scion by budding was obviously higher than that by means of whip grafting. The survival rate exceeded 90 % by high grafting using budding. There was strong linear regression relationship between thickness of rootstocks and the length of tassel, which equation of regression was： y = 11. 342 ＋ 19. 753x（ P = 0. 001 ）. There was relatively strong linear regression relationship between the thick- ness of scion and the length of tassel that equation of regression was ： y = 11. 973 ＋ 35. 442x（ P = 0.001 ）. This grafting technique was appropilate for clone propagation of the improved variety and reforming low efficient stands.