红莲型不育细胞质应用于粳稻杂种优势的思考与初探

Toward to Apply HL Type Male Sterile Cytoplasm for Japonica Heterosis Utilization:Consideration and Practice

部分BT型粳稻不育系存在自交结实现象,不育性的稳定性较差,影响杂交种的纯度;WA型粳稻不育系虽然不育性稳定,但开花习性差,育性最难恢复,应用难度较大;HL粳稻不育系开花习性及异交结实率与BT型粳稻不育系无显著差异,育性稳定性明显好于BT型粳稻不育系,可恢复性明显好于WA型粳稻不育系,较好地协调了育性稳定性、开花习性和可恢复性几方面的矛盾。因此,提出了在粳稻杂种优势利用中用红莲(HL)型不育系部分替代BT型不育系,以解决目前生产上杂交粳稻BT型不育系不育性不够稳定及细胞质单一的问题。通过测交鉴定,已筛选和育成一批HL型粳稻恢复系。不同细胞质杂交粳稻组合的鉴定结果表明,将红莲型不育细胞质应用于粳稻杂种优势利用是可行的。

In Japonica heterosis utilization, the purity of hybrid seeds was sometimes low due to the self-fertility and/or unstable sterility of some BT type Japonica cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） lines. For the WA type Japonica CMS lines, their sterility is much stable, but there is also some difficult to take use of them because their flowering habit is bad and it is very difficult to restore their fertility. The HL type CMS lines were identified to have the same flowering habit and outerossing rate with the BT type CMS lines in Japonica hybrid rice. Moreover, the sterility of HL type CMS lines was more stable than that of BT type, and their restorable characteristics was better than that of WA type. Therefore, to cover the problem of unstable sterile of CMS lines and the risk of only one cytoplasm used, we proposed to partly replace of BT CMS lines byHL CMS lines in Japonica hybrid production. After a series of test-cressing identifications, we had selected and bred a number of HL type Japonica restoring lines. The results from the Japonica hybrids containing different cytoplasm showed that it was feasible to apply HL type male sterile cytoplasm to Japonica heterosis utilization.