滇型杂交粳稻的种质和技术创新进展

Innovations Advances of Techiques and Germplasm in CMS-D1 Based on Breeding of Hybrid Japonica Rice

滇1型是中国育成的第一个杂交粳稻雄性不育系。杂交粳稻的进一步发展需要解决恢复源狭窄、强优势组合少的问题。本文是围绕滇1型不育细胞质开展的种质和技术创新研究的初步总结。滇型杂交粳稻育种的主要创新是利用立体气候条件选育育性稳定的粳稻不育系;新细胞质质源粳稻不育系的选育;分子标记筛选恢复基因新质源;种间亚种间杂交选育"籼粳型(Janpindica)"品系,拓宽杂交粳稻亲本的遗传多样性;富含铁锌杂交粳稻亲本的选育;滇型杂交粳稻组合在生产上的表现。

Cytoplasmic male sterility of Dian 1 type （CMS-D1） is the first CMS system developed in China. Innovations of techniques and germplasm are required for further development of hybrid japonica rice. This article gives a brief summary of the innovations in development of hybrid Japonica rice based on CMS-D1 system. The main innovations are development of CMS-D1 lines with high sterile stability by grewing CMS lines at different locations varying at altitude. Using DNA marker located within Rf-1 locus to detect new Rf gene sources is another innovation. In germplasm innovation, three aspects have been carried out. These innovations include development of CMS lines possessing new cytoplasm sources, development of the restorer and the maintainer that have high Fe and Zn concentration in rice grains. Especially, one innovation is development of the Japindica lines, those lines possess genetic characteristics of Japonica and Indica rice, which can greatly enrich genetic diversity of materials used for development hybrid Japonica rice. Besides, this article also present performance of hybrid varieties developed in recently years. Of those varieties, Dianza 31 and Dianza 32 are two excelle.nt varieties. These two varieties have combined the super-rice yielding records, strong resistance to blast disease, and good grain quality into together.